What are these "trash" files on my local drive?

These files are supposed to be temporary files that are placed in the root directory of the largest drive when installing Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable, which is commonly installed alongside many software packages. They can be safely deleted.

Here's the Microsoft article with a list of files.

Per the article above, the following files should be safe to delete:

install.exe 
install.res.1028.dll 
install.res.1031.dll 
install.res.1033.dll 
install.res.1036.dll 
install.res.1040.dll 
install.res.1041.dll 
install.res.1042.dll 
install.res.2052.dll 
install.res.3082.dll 
vcredist.bmp 
globdata.ini 
install.ini 
eula.1028.txt 
eula.1031.txt 
eula.1033.txt 
eula.1036.txt 
eula.1040.txt 
eula.1041.txt 
eula.1042.txt 
eula.2052.txt 
eula.3082.txt 
VC_RED.MSI
VC_RED.cab