WSL 2 Installing Linux failed, error code: 0x80370114

Windows subsystem feature was disabled, I fixed it using these cmds below.

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart 

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

OR

Press start and search Windows Features then tick mark the following:

Well, some good news and bad news.

First, the good - from a couple of searches that resulted in this, this, and this, I believe the error that you are receiving is due to an incorrect setting in Windows Exploit Protection.

Check in Windows Security -> App & Browser Control -> Exploit Protection Settings:

• In System Settings, Control Flow Guard (CFG) should be "On" (in my case, it is "Use default (On)".

• In Program Settings, there should be entries for:

  • C:\Windows\System32\vmcompute.exe
  • C:\Windows\System32\vmwp.exe

  Both should have Control Flow Guard set to:

  • Override System Settings
  • On
  • Use Strict CFG

There are some reports that turning these off corrects the problem, but that's probably more of a "patch" than a true resolution.

Hopefully that will resolve the 0x80370114 error.

Now the bad news ...

When I last checked a few days ago, the version of Kali that is installed via wsl --install is still so old that it won't even update. See this answer for details and potential solutions.

It's best if you can install from the Store.

One-liner that includes enabling:

• Hyper-V
• Virtual Machine Platform Windows
• Subsystem Linux

dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Hyper-V-All /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart

Enable "Code Flow Guard (CFG)" for vmcompute.exe

 1. Click Start and search "Exploit protection settings"
 2. Switch to "Program settings" tab along the top
 3. Add/Locate "C:\WINDOWS\System32\vmcompute.exe" in the list and expand it
 4. Click "Edit"
 5. Scroll down to "Code flow guard (CFG)" and uncheck/check "Override system settings" **(CFG must be ON for this app!)** 

You will need to restart for changes to take effect.

shutdown /r

None of the previous answers worked for me, what did the trick was simply updating windows. There wasn't even a relevant update, I had to search for any and then after executing it ubuntu started working. Saw this as an answer to the same question here.