Is it possible to disable smooth movement of the cursor in Office 2013/windows 10?

Well, yes. There are two ways of doing this.

One is described in many places (here, for one) and goes like this:

1. In regedit, navigate to HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\15.0\Common
2. If there's no Graphics key under that Common key, right-click on the Common key and select New > Key. Type in Graphics for the key name.
3. With the Graphics key selected, right-click on the right side of the editor and create a new DWORD value. Name it DisableAnimation.
4. Finally, double-click the DisableAnimation value and change the value to 1. Hit OK and exit the editor, then restart Windows for it to take effect.

Note that for Office 2016, the DWORD key is under HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Common\Graphics and it should be called DisableAnimations (plural).

The other way is through the System Performance Settings.

1. Open "System" (by typing Win+Pause)
2. Click the "Advanced system settings" in the top left.
3. In the "System Properties" window (don't you just love consistency?), go to the "Advanced" tab and click the "Settings" button in the first section, "Performance".
4. In the "Performance Options" window, on the "Visual Effects" tab, deselect the first option, "Animate controls and elements inside windows". You may want to disable a bunch of other useless animations here, too, but don't disable the "Smooth edges of screen fonts". Curiously, you don't have to restart Windows if you do it this way.

Edit: The latter method may look very different on Windows 10, sorry I missed that part.

For users experiencing this problem under Office 2016, you can disable the animated cursor effect by creating a DWORD (32-bit) registry key called DisableAnimations with a value of 1 in the following path:

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Common\Graphics

Then restart the application (e.g. Outlook). No need to reboot the whole machine.

If you want more graphical, step-by-step instructions: https://www.laptopmag.com/articles/office-2013-typing-animation-disable

Kudos to KlaymenDK for his superb answer.

Changing from from Outlook 2009 to Outlook 2016 was annoying, with the lame ribbon, ruined layout, ruined colors, ruined phone-style borderless windows, and insane animated cursor. I'm glad there is a way to turn off the cursor animation. (No cursor animation should be the default, not an insider secret switch that MS will never count statistics on.)

Save this text as Office 2016 stop cursor animation.reg and then run the file.

Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\16.0\Common\Graphics]
"DisableAnimations"=dword:00000001

(To make the same for Office 2013, replace "16.0". make it "15.0".)

The current build of Office 2016, 2019, 365 offers this settings directly in its option. Go to File > Options > Ease of Access and under Feedback options uncheck Provide feedback with animation. That easy :-)